In 1240 the Arabs acquired knowledge of gunpowder and its uses from China.
Rocket propulsion was common in warfare, as evidenced by the Huolongjing compiled by Liu Bowen (1311–1375) and Jiao Yu (fl. A record from 1264 states that a rocket-propelled firework went off near the Empress Dowager Gong Sheng and startled her during a feast held in her honor by her son Emperor Lizong of Song (r. In 1110, a large fireworks display in a martial demonstration was held to entertain Emperor Huizong of Song (r. Grand displays of fireworks were also known to be held. ĭuring the Song dynasty, many of the common people could purchase various kinds of fireworks from market vendors. By the 12th and possibly the 11th century, the term baozhang (爆仗) was used to specifically refer to gunpowder firecrackers. "whip cannon"), so the firecrackers could be set off one by one in close sequence. They also strung these firecrackers together into large clusters, known as bian (lit. It was during the Song dynasty that people manufactured the first firecrackers comprising tubes made from rolled sheets of paper containing gunpowder and a fuse. Exploding bamboo stems and gunpowder firecrackers were interchangeably known as baozhu (爆竹) or baogan (爆竿). In later times, gunpowder packed into small containers was used to mimic the sounds of burning bamboo. ĭuring the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), people threw bamboo stems into a fire to produce an explosion with a loud sound. In China, pyrotechnicians were respected for their knowledge of complex techniques in mounting firework displays. The art and science of firework making has developed into an independent profession. Fireworks were used to accompany many festivities. The earliest fireworks came from China during the Song dynasty (960–1279). A picture taken from the back so the stars and flowers are not so clearly visible The grand finale showing also the jets that produce power.
Fireworks on Qatar National Day 2018 in Dohaįireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.